National Institue of Science & Technology (NIST)

Each year, communities across the United States are devastated by disasters. As the frequency, severity, and cost of many of these disasters continues to increase, new collaborations and innovative solutions are needed to reduce risk. Many Federal and academic science and technology (S&T) capabilities are already integrated into disaster prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery. For example, highly accurate weather reports are critical to fighting wildfires, and evacuating communities in advance of hurricanes. GIS and remote sensing technologies have proven invaluable for better understanding the extent and potential impact of flooding, as well as damage from earthquakes and other disasters. More can be done, however, to incorporate S&T capabilities from all quarters into disaster response in order to provide critical tools and information to first responders and decision-makers. Steps can be taken to ensure that S&T improves over time in ways that support better decisions and preparedness for future hazards and disasters.

This report is divided into two sections. In summary, this report emphasizes the importance of incorporating science and technology (S&T) capabilities into disaster prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery efforts in the United States. It highlights the existing S&T capabilities that are already being used in disaster response, such as accurate weather reports, GIS, and remote sensing technologies. The report also outlines the need for greater collaboration and coordination between the emergency management and scientific communities in order to fully utilize S&T resources.

The first section of the report is aimed at the emergency management community and emphasizes the importance of allowing scientists and engineers to conduct research and collect data during disaster response. This can provide valuable insights that can inform future responses and lead to more resilient infrastructure. However, it also places new demands on the scientific, engineering, and response communities for communication, training, and coordination.

The second section of the report is aimed at members of the scientific and engineering communities who may be interested in conducting research during disasters. It outlines important considerations for operating within a disaster-affected area, such as safety, community sensitivities, and maintaining self-sufficiency. Respectful and clear communication and collaboration between the research and emergency management communities are also underscored.

Overall, the report emphasizes the need for greater integration of S&T capabilities into disaster response efforts and the importance of collaboration between the emergency management and scientific communities. By working together, these communities can more effectively reduce the risk of disasters and minimize their impact when they do occur.